Making colloidal suspensions



Jhflly 1L 19241. 1,499,60U

' c. 5. SMITH MAKING COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS Filed April'5, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Juflly 1 1924. 1,499,60U

c. 5. SMITH MAKING GOLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS Filed April 5, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 WU M We!" w 030 00000 c cacao o coco c :00 can cacao a ooosesa 00000009 acooooc o oceoooo o WWW Patented duly I, 'lfifi l.

CAROLYN S. SIIIUETH, 01F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

MING COLLOIJDAL SUSPENSIONS.

Application filed. April 5, 1922. Serial No. 549,901

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CAROLYN S. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Brooklyn, county of Klngs and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Making Colloidal Suspensions, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to a filtering tank for the conversion of suspended matter in water to a colloidal state, which would be of high value in the industries, as will be shown hereinafter.

The object of my invention is to provide an extremely pure. water which, by electrolytic treatment, will be made of high value industrially and physiologically.

For the purposes of my invention I provide an apparatus which will be more clearly illustrated in the annexed drawings, in which Figure 1 represents a plan view of one em: bodiment of my invention;

Figure 2 is a sectional elevation along line 22 of Figure 1, showing my screen construction;

Figure 2* is a section along the line 2r2 of Figure 1 showing a modified form of screen;

Figure 2" is an elevation showing the separator used;

Figure 3 is a vertical plan view of a second embodiment of my invention;

Figure 4e is'a sectional view of a modified form of separator;

Figure 5 is a plan view of another form of screen as shown in section in Figure 4:;

Figure fiis a transverse sectional view of a modified form ofscreen, and

Figure 7 is a plan view of the separator shown in Figure 6 with the top screen removed. 7 7

Referring now to the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, my im roved form of apparatus consists of a cylin rical tank 1 supported in a frame 2 by means of trunnions 3, 3. Water or other liquid to be filtered is introducedunder pressure through the inlet pipe 4.

The tank may be com osed of any num-' ber of sections A, A, A etc., (here shown as three) suitably bolted together by bolts 6, and each section may consist of two sepa7 rate compartments or treatment chambers a, 6, similar in shape to a Glover tower, and each filled with finely divided porous material through which the water to be treated I percolates. It is to be understood that while I have here illustrated three sections I do not limit myself to that number, as I may insert more or remove one or more, de-

' not limit myself to thesesubstances, for any two bodies which, when mixed with an electrolyte, will set up a current ma be used.

The chambers a are separate from chambers b by porous or perforated separators 7, and in the chambers 12 the aluminum and carbon are kept from direct contact by means of a similar separator, This separator consists of two or more porous or perforated screens kept apart by rings 8 of silica or copper.

In the chamber A" I may provide in the v larger or carbon contalner chamber porous screens 9 of aluminum or other suitable electronegative metaL. These are bolted to ether by a bolt 9 and are adapted in com ination with the carbon to set up a more intense electrol tic action so that the materials in the iquid may emerge in a very high state of colloidal suspension.

From the compartment A the water passes to the reservoir. through the outlet pipe 5, which is preferably made of smaller diameter than the inlet pipe to bring about the proper pressure and suction. The trunnions 3, 3 are supportedin a casing comprising an apertured part l0, l0 integral with the frame 2, figured portions 11, 11?, which slide into apertures 1n the parts 10, 10, the two portions being'bolted together by bolts l2, l2.

finally till If desired, the outlet end may be raised or lowered so that the filter need not be always in a horizontal position, but may he tilted to any desired angle to further facilitate the production of a better result.

In order thatthe filter may be as emcient as possible, it is desirable that the incoming water shall percolate through every tured metallic discs 7.

' these discs I may run a number of spiral copper ribbons 8 (here shown as four) which give the screen the appearance of having a number of corrugations. This arrangement affords resillency of the screens and'makes them better suited for the purfrom direct mixture.

pose to which they are subjected than if thiiygwere separated by rigid bands.

I ferring to Figures 3 to 7 inclusive, which illustrate the second embodiment of m invention, 19 represents an upright tank Wlth an inlet ipe 20 and an outlet pipe 21 of smaller so, that when the water is introduced from below the proper suction would be obtained to draw it upwards. In this tank I pro- 253 vide first a layer 22 of finely crushed carbon or alloy of aluminum-carbon, and a number of filtering sections of which I have here shown five, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, flanged together at 28. I may provide between one compartment and the next succeeding compartment a porous screen 29, and between the electrolytic elements in each compartment a screen 30 to keep them In the lower compartment 23 I ma' provide a layer of carbon and a layer 0 aluminum. The remaining compartments may contain an alloy of aluminum as the negative electrode and a layer of carbon as the positive electrode,

' or the aluminum or alloy thereof may be the ositive electrolyte and the negative may e sulphur or similar material, In the top compartment 27 I may provide sand or other inert material which serves merely to filter the water after it has been treated with the electrolytic media.

When this form of tank is used, it is generally maintained in a vertical position but this is by no means always necessary or even desirable. I therefore provide trunnions 32, 32 on which the tank may be sup orted and may be tilted to any desired ang e. I also provide at the lower end a pipe 31.for cleaning the apparatus.

Some of the important advantages of treatment ofthe water in this way are as follows:

Boiler 'waten-The colloidal water makes a fine water for boilers,the matter in suspension bein oxidized and that which is not oxidized eing put in a colloidal state, which increases the pressure by. making more vapor. Aside from this the resolving of a. great part of the water into its constituent gases increases the pressure and a amount of coal can be used.

iameter than the inlet pipe It also coats the pipes with a very thin skin of the colloid which preserves them.

Ice pZants.-Ice plants require a very pure water. This can be obtained economically by these filters and a by-product of oxygen made salable.

PJL0tography.It tends to keep the gelatine in good shape for coloring colored slides, making them receptive to the color.

Salt-By the use of my process the manufacture of salt from brine may be effected without the expensive process of bleaching in useat present. a

By this process a water may be obtained which is extremely efiicient in reducing the expense of maintaining laundries, because in its oxidized state it exercises per se the bleaching action which soap and other artificial bleachers are now used to bring about.

Various possible embodiments may be made of the invention and various changes in the embodiments described may be made, all within the scope of the subjoined claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a filtering tank a plurality of sections through which liquid under pressure percolates, each section containing a chamber filled with electrolytic materials and a chamber containing an inert mixture of metal and silica.

2. In a filtering tank a compartment comprisin two chambers, one ofwhich contains filtering material, the other of which contains electrolytic material at its'inlet extremity and an electrolytic couple at its further extremity, said couple comprising finely divided carbon closely packed between apertured metallic discs; said carbon constituting the positive element and said metallic discs constituting the negative element of the couple.

3. In a filtering tank, a cylindrical body, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, filtering compartments, a frame supporting said tank, trunnions mounted rotatably in said frame, a crank mounted in the frame adjacent to one of said trunnions whereby said tank may be turned.

4. In a filtering tank containing filtering material and electrolytic material, a porous screen separating said filtering material and said electrolytic material, said screen comprising two apertured metallic discs united at intervals by copper or silica ribbons.

5. In filterin apparatus, the combination with a tank, 0 a series of filtering couples in said tank,.each couple comprising unit elements in the form of different finely divided materials arranged in layers, one unit of each layer acting as a positive element and the other unit acting as a negative element, and the unit elements of each couple so formed being in direct contact with each other along a well defined dividingcontact area, so that electrolytic action is set up in 

